John Duff

John Duff wrote 'The Hokie Pokie' in 1959 while playing with his young daughter Linda. The song's simple instructions to put body parts in and out became a staple at children's parties and school events, though Duff's own musical background was more varied than that single hit suggests.

He grew up in Duluth, Minnesota and sang in local choirs as a teenager. In 1963 he released an album called 'Songs for Children' that included other playful tunes. His band at various times included Bill Quetschke on piano and Ray Veal.

Beyond children's music, Duff recorded songs like 'High Heels' featuring Lillias White, 'Rich,' 'Girly,' and 'Give a Fuck.' These tracks show a different side of his work, though none approached the cultural reach of 'The Hokie Pokie.'

In 1989, Duff faced a copyright lawsuit over the authorship of 'The Hokie Pokie' that lasted several years. He eventually won the case, confirming he wrote the song during that moment with his daughter.